Type-2 inflammation is the most frequent endophenotype of asthma. Different biomarkers have been proposed to identify this inflammation because highly effective therapies have improved type-2 severe asthma control. We investigated the frequency of some biomarkers of type-2 inflammation (total IgE, sIgE, blood eosinophil, and FeNO) in the framework of severe asthma and assessed its ability to help us to choose the best biological therapy for each patient. Different scenarios (sensitivity analysis) were evaluated according to the biomarkers proposed for each biological therapy in 72 patients with type-2 severe asthma. Between 54.1% and 68% of patients could receive at least 2 different biological therapies and 34.7%-40.2% could receive any of the 3 types of therapies (anti-IgE, anti-eosinophil, anti-IL4). Biomarkers help to identify type-2 severe asthma but total IgE, sIgE, blood eosinophil, and FeNO are not enough to select 1 specific therapy. With the increasing arrival of new biological therapies, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers that allow us to improve our selection criteria for the best therapy for each patient or to construct a prediction rule.Vaccination against coronavirus is essential to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rare cases of anaphylaxis associated with the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are being described, and the mechanisms involved in these reactions are poorly understood. A potential culprit agent of these vaccine-induced anaphylaxis events is polyethylene glycol, which has been reported as a cause of anaphylaxis. However, a cause-effect association has not been demonstrated, and the cases of anaphylaxis to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines should be further investigated. In this scenario, the recommendations are inaccurate and can lead to misinterpretation. At the moment, a more accurate recommendation would be the contraindication of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with immediate hypersensitivity reaction to polyethylene glycol or polysorbate. Patients with history of anaphylaxis to other or unknown causes should be referred to an allergist-immunologist for further orientation.Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the odds ratio of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in late seroma formation. Methods In a PubMed search, 415 articles were found using the terms “breast implant AND seroma” (n = 232), “breast implant AND effusion” (n = 42), and “anaplastic large cell lymphoma AND breast (n = 141). Sixty-seven abstracts were read, and 27 full articles were reviewed. Results Three articles reported the incidence of late seroma in breast implants, with a total of 75 seromas out of 48,211 implants (0.16%). One article reported 48 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma from 43,537 implants (0.11%). Another article reported that 11 patients had anaplastic large-cell lymphoma among 389 primary lymphoma of the breast (2.83%). Two articles reported 143 seromas out of 236 anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (60.59%). The risk of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma was significantly higher in the patients having late seroma than those without seroma (odds ratio = 998.93; 95% confidence interval, 768.90-1297.78; P less then .001). The incidence of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in seroma was calculated by dividing the number of anaplastic large cell lymphomas with seroma (n = 143) by total seroma (N = 11,843), which resulted in an incidence of 1.21%. The expected incidence of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in seroma was 1.21%. Conclusion If late seroma develops after breast implant insertion, ultrasonography-guided aspiration should be performed, with enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay for CD30.Background We experienced a case of malunion of condylar fracture after miniplate fixation in a patient with a 40 pack-year smoking history who restarted smoking at 5 weeks postoperatively. Case A 64-year-old man lost consciousness and fell down, hitting his chin on the floor. He had malocclusion and open bite bilaterally. The mouth opening was 1.5-finger breadths. He had a 40 pack-year smoking history. Radiology revealed a bilateral condylar fracture and a fracture of the parasymphysis. Intermaxillary fixation was done using the skeletal anchorage system on the first post-trauma day. On the third post-trauma day, vertical ramus osteotomy, miniplate fixation of the fractured condylar neck, and free grafting were performed. When the wire was changed to a rubber band at 5 weeks postoperatively, he started smoking (half-pack a day). At 7 weeks postoperatively, the skeletal anchorage system was removed and some absorption of the condylar head was observed. At 3 months postoperatively, his mouth opening was 24 mm and no malocclusion was present, although the condylar head was distorted and malunion was observed. At 4 months postoperatively, his mouth opening was 30 mm but he complained of pain on do so. Distortion of the condylar head was aggravated. At 5 months postoperatively, his pain continued but was endurable. He continued smoking (half-pack a day) since 5 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion In smokers, a longer period of immobilization is needed in bone grafting of the fractured condylar head. Guadecitabine Longer immobilization provides sufficient time for healing and prevents smoking, since the patient cannot smoke easily when the intermaxillary fixation is applied.Aims To analyze the recent literature regarding the different types of free tissue transfer used in pediatric lower-limb trauma, trends, flap success rates, and the anatomical location of reconstruction. Method A search was conducted involving the MEDLINE database using the key words “Paediatric,” “Pediatric,” “Children,” “Lower limb,” “Lower extremity,” “Leg,” “Ankle,” “Foot,” “Free flap,” “Flap,” “Microsurgery,” and “Free tissue transfer” in a 3-component search applying the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND.” The search was condensed to articles published in the last 5 years. Results In total, 240 studies were retrieved. Thirty-nine titles were selected and after reviewing the abstracts, 10 articles fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 220 free flaps were used to reconstruct defects. Age range was between 2 and 17 years. Complete flap failure rate was 4.5% (n = 10). The anterolateral thigh perforator flap was the commonest flap used (n = 59), and the latissimus dorsi flap was the commonest muscle flap used (n = 51).