A positive correlation was also found between the number of visual auras and tracer uptake in occipital PMT. INTERPRETATION A strong persistent extra-axial inflammatory signal was found in meninges and calvarial bone overlying the occipital lobe in migraine with visual auras. Our findings are reminiscent of CSD-induced meningeal inflammation and provide the first imaging evidence implicating inflammation in the pathophysiology of migraine meningeal symptoms. We suspect that this inflammatory focus results from a signal that migrates from underlying brain and if so, may implicate newly discovered bridging vessels that crosstalk between brain and skull marrow, a finding of potential relevance to migraine plus other neuroinflammatory brain disorders. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION Psoriatic disease is associated with considerable impairment of Quality of Life (QoL). The PROSE study (NCT02752776) examined the impact of secukinumab on patient-reported outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis (PsO) stratified by previous exposure to systemic treatment. METHODS In this prospective, non-randomised, multicentre study, patients were categorised at baseline according to previous exposure to systemic treatment naïve (naïve to any systemic treatment [N=663]), conventional systemic (previously exposed to ≥1 conventional systemic therapy [N=673]), and biologics (previously exposed to ≥1 biologic [N=324]). Baseline demographics including age, gender, race, body weight and body mass index, disease characteristics and patient reported QoL outcomes (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI], Family DLQI [F-DLQI]) of patients enrolled in the study are reported here. RESULTS Baseline demographic characteristics were well balanced across the three subpopulations. Naïve patients hadusly exposed to systemic treatments; despite this, the severe impact of disease on patient and family QoL outcomes can be as apparent in naïve patients as in systemically-treated patients at baseline. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The Rh(III)-catalyzed, consecutive double C-H oxidative coupling of free 1-naphthylamine and α,β-unsaturated esters through C-H/C-H and C-H/N-H bonds is reported. The one step reaction leads to the formation of biologically important alkylidene-1,2-dihydrobenzo[ cd ]indoles scaffolds. This efficient process is much more synthetically convenient and useful than others because the starting materials, such as 1-naphthylamine derivatives are readily available and the free amine serves as a directing group. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIM Gastroesophageal reflux is routinely diagnosed with invasive intraluminal impedance pH probe monitoring. This study aimed to determine if gastric pepsin A detected in saliva of children correlates with gastroesophageal reflux. Brivudine order METHODS Patients undergoing probe monitoring were prospectively recruited between 2014 and 2016 at a paediatric hospital. Standard impedance and demographic data were obtained from electronic medical records. Salivary samples were collected during impedance and measured for gastric pepsin A with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Impedance probe and pepsin data were analysed and compared for correlation. RESULTS From 52 enrolled subjects, 28 males and 24 females with mean age 8.0±5.9 and range 0.58-18.0 years, 417 salivary samples were collected. Positive pepsin was found in 14% of samples and 48% patients. The sensitivity of pepsin A in predicting an abnormal impedance was 43% and specificity, 50%. Among pepsin A positive samples, 72% corresponded with a gastroesophageal reflux episode. Pepsin peak levels significantly correlated with acidic reflux. CONCLUSION Pepsin A was present in saliva of children undergoing gastroesophageal reflux disease investigation. Positive pepsin A was associated with a gastroesophageal reflux episode, and its peak value correlated with acidic reflux. Salivary pepsin as a marker for gastroesophageal reflux needs further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION The classification of the accessory nerve (CN XI) remains a source of debate; its exact function has not been fully elucidated having also an atypical morphology for a cranial nerve. A better insight into its anatomical and physiological features is of clinical relevance. The aim was to conduct a review of 18th and 19th century books from the Royal Medical/Surgical Colleges in Scotland, United Kingdom. A contextual historical analysis of the depictions and descriptions of the accessory nerve could provide insight into the disparity in the current descriptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online archive catalogues were systematically searched and, during site visits, resources were formally and contextually analyzed, with the information then thematically analyzed. The themes were discussed against a widely known reference textbook of the era. RESULTS Based on the thematic analysis, the resources were categorized either as practical anatomy books or field-specific anatomy books including neuroanatomy atlases. This intended use, along with the target audience, influenced the scope and detail of information, typically with general anatomy for students in the practical resources, and specialist information in the field-specific resources. The authors’ professional background also influenced the way the accessory nerve was described and/or depicted, with surgeons/physicians placing emphasis on the clinical aspects. Content variations could also be attributed to communication restrictions of the era, and associated purchasing costs. CONCLUSIONS Although scientific advances are nowadays disseminated at a faster pace, actively bridging the gap between anatomical sciences and clinical research is still needed when considering the accessory nerve to further elucidate the mysteries of this structure. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.