multi-session stimulation studies identifying more optimal sites and stimulation parameters in combination with cognitive training could achieve larger effects.

Metacognition is the set of reflexive processes that allows humans to evaluate the accuracy of their mental operations. Metacognitive deficits have been described in people with schizophrenia using mostly narrative assessment, and they have been linked to several key symptoms.

We assessed metacognitive performance objectively by asking people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (

= 20) and matched healthy participants (

= 21) to perform a visual discrimination task and report their confidence in their performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the adequacy between visual discrimination performance and confidence.

Bayesian analyses revealed equivalent metacognitive performance in the 2 groups, despite a weaker association between confidence and trajectory tracking during task execution among people with schizophrenia. We reproduced these results using an evidence accumulation model, which showed similar decisional processes in the 2 groups.

These results from a relatively small study sample cannot be generalized to other perceptual and nonperceptual tasks. To meet this purpose, ecological tasks are needed. this website As well, the role of antipsychotic medication and design deserves greater attention in the future.

We found similar decisional and metacognitive capabilities between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls in a visual discrimination task.

We found similar decisional and metacognitive capabilities between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls in a visual discrimination task.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heterogeneous in its etiology and manifestation. The neurobiological processes underlying ASD development are reflected in multiple features, from behaviour and cognition to brain functioning. An integrated analysis of these features may optimize the identification of these processes.

We examined cognitive and adaptive functioning and ASD symptoms between 8 and 36 months in 161 infants at familial high risk for ASD and 71 low-risk controls; we also examined neural sensitivity to eye gaze at 8 months in a subsample of 140 high-risk and 61 low-risk infants. We used linked independent component analysis to extract patterns of variation across domains and development, and we selected the patterns significantly associated with clinical classification at 36 months.

An early process at 8 months, indicating high levels of functioning and low levels of symptoms linked to higher attention to gaze shifts, was reduced in infants who developed ASD. A longitudinal process of ie processes.

Failure to rapidly identify bleeding in trauma patients leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop and validate a simple bedside score for identifying bleeding patients requiring escalation of care beyond initial resuscitation.

We included patients with major blunt or penetrating trauma, defined as those with an Injury Severity Score greater than 12 or requiring trauma team activation, at The Ottawa Hospital from September 2014 to September 2017. We used logistic regression for derivation. The primary outcome was a composite of the need for massive transfusion, embolization or surgery for hemostasis. We prespecified clinical, laboratory and imaging predictors using findings from our prior systematic review and survey of Canadian traumatologists. We used an AIC-based stepdown procedure based on the Akaike information criterion and regression coefficients to create a 5-variable score for bedside application. We used bootstrap internal validation to assess optimism-corrected performanctential for reduction of time to intervention.

A simple yet promising bleeding score is proposed to identify highrisk patients in need of major intervention for traumatic bleeding and determine the appropriateness of early transfer to specialized trauma centres. Further research is needed to evaluate the performance of the score in other settings, define interrater reliability and evaluate the potential for reduction of time to intervention.

Most of the literature on emergency general surgery (EGS) has investigated appendiceal and biliary disease; however, EGS surgeons manage many other complex conditions. This study aimed to describe the operative burden of these conditions throughout Canada.

This multicentre retrospective cohort study evaluated EGS patients at 7 centres across Canada in 2014. Adult patients (aged ≥ 18 yr) undergoing nonelective operative interventions for nonbiliary, nonappendiceal diseases were included. Data collected included information on patients’ demographic characteristics, diagnosis, procedure details, complications and hospital length of stay. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of morbidity and mortality.

A total of 2595 patients were included, with a median age of 60 years (interquartile range 46-73 yr). The most common principal diagnoses were small bowel obstruction (16%), hernia (15%), malignancy (11%) and perianal disease (9%). The most commonly performed procedures were bowel resection (30ditions treated by EGS services are associated with a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality. Results of this study will be used to guide future research efforts and set benchmarks for quality improvement.

The Canadian Network for International Surgery (CNIS) hosted a workshop in May of 2020 with a goal of critically evaluating Trauma Team Training courses. The workshop was held virtually because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Twenty-three participants attended from 8 countries Canada, Guyana, Kenya, Nigeria, Switzerland, Tanzania, Uganda and the United States. More participants were able to attend the virtual meeting than the traditional in-person meetings. Web-based videoconference software was used, participants presented prerecorded PowerPoint videos, and questions were raised using a written chat. The review proved successful, with discussions and recommendations for improvements surrounding course quality, lecture content, skills sessions, curriculum variations and clinical practical scenarios. The CNIS’s successful experience conducting an online curriculum review involving international participants may prove useful to others proceeding with collaborative projects during the COVID-19 pandemic.