This review presents an overview of flavonoid compounds to use them as a potential therapeutic alternative in various diseases and disorders. In addition, the present understanding of phenolics and flavonoids will serve as the basis for the next scientific studies.Aim To explore the influence of clinical exercise trial participation on glycaemia and insulin therapy use in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research Design and Methods This study involved a secondary analysis of data collected from 16 individuals with T1D who completed a randomized clinical trial consisting of 23-h in-patient phases with a 45-min evening bout of moderate intensity continuous exercise. Participants were switched from their usual basal-bolus therapy to ultra-long acting insulin degludec and rapid-acting insulin aspart as well as provided with unblinded interstitial flash-glucose monitoring systems. To assess the impact of clinical trial participation, weekly data obtained at the screening visit (pre-study involvement) were compared against those collated on the last experimental visit (post-study involvement). Interstitial glucose [iG] data were split into distinct glycaemic ranges and stratified into day (0600-2359) and night (0000-0559) time periods. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was accepted for significance. Results Following study completion, there were significant decreases in both the mean nocturnal iG concentration (Δ-0.9 ± 4.5 mmol.L-1, p less then 0.001) and the time spent in severe hyperglycaemia (Δ-7.2 ± 9.8%, p = 0.028) during the night-time period. The total daily (Δ-7.3 ± 8.4 IU, p = 0.003) and basal only (Δ-2.3 ± 3.8 IU, p = 0.033) insulin dose requirements were reduced over the course of study involvement. Conclusions Participation in clinical research may foster improved nocturnal glycaemia and reduced insulin therapy use in people with T1D. Recognition of these outcomes may help encourage volunteers to partake in clinical research opportunities for improved diabetes-related health outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration DRKS.de; DRKS00013509.The global pandemic COVID-19 has emerged as a bane for the human race. The emergence of this disease was initially noted in Wuhan, China and slowly spreading to large number of countries. The greater number of positive cases and increasing mortality rate clubbed with no prescribed medication to cure has led to greater impact on global society and has badly hit the manufacturing sector. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is considered to be primary source of manufacturing in meeting the supply chain towards medical devices and protection kits. This paper discusses the response of global AM community in development of essential products in the desired time span for greater cure.Epidemic model have been broadly used in different forms for studying and forecasting epidemiological processes the spread of dengue, zika virus , HIV, SARS and recently , the 2019-20 corona virus which is an ongoing pandemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19). In the present paper, an inverse problem to find the parameters for the single term (multi term) fractional order system of an outbreak of COVID-19 is considered. learn more In the starting, we propose a numerical method for fractional order corona virus system based on the Gorenflo-Mainardi-Moretti-Paradisi (GMMP) scheme, and then to find the parameters we use GMMP method and the modified hybrid Nelder-Mead Simplex search and particle swarm optimization algorithm. With the new fractional orders and parameters our fractional order corona virus system is capable to providing numerical results that agree well with the real data.The use of tracheostomy in ventilator dependent COVID-19 patients is novel because of the recent and rapid spread of this pandemic with risk of transmission of infection to healthcare workers. This case-series of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients indicates that percutaneous tracheostomy performed at bedside with careful precautions and limited modification of standard technique was effective in promoting weaning from mechanical ventilation with few complications and no transmission of COVID-19 infection to the procedural healthcare workers.We report the case of a 40-year-old female diagnosed with COVID-19 after presenting to our institution with fever, cough and myalgia for three days. Her nasopharyngeal swab tested positive for SARS COV-2 by real time PCR and her plain chest radiograph was reported as normal. She did not require hospitalization and at telephone follow up she confirmed her illness lasted 11 days. Seven weeks later she presented with chest pain, dyspnea and fever for two days. Her repeat chest imaging showed right upper zone consolidation and this culminated in a microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient’s daughter had been treated for tuberculosis two years earlier and unfortunately family screening for latent TB was not undertaken. This case appears to confirm the concerns that the CD4+ T-cell depletion associated with COVID-19 may promote the development of active tuberculosis from latent infection much like HIV does. If this effect is widespread it may have a significant impact on the worldwide TB burden. We suggest vigilance to ensure patients are diagnosed early and meticulous contact tracing is undertaken to treat those with latent tuberculosis.Currently, antiviral drugs and/or vaccines are not yet available to treat or prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we narrated the available data, from credible publishers, regarding the possible role of polyphenols and natural extracts-containing polyphenols in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and their immune-boosting properties. It was revealed that polyphenols could be considered as promising biologically active substances for the prevention of COVID-19. The underlying potential mechanism behind this action is mostly due to the antiviral activities and the immune-regulation functions of polyphenols against COVID-19-infections. Antivirus polyphenolic-based medications can mitigate SARS-CoV-2-enzymes, which are vital for virus duplication and infection. It was also found that triterpenoid, anthraquinone, flavonoids, and tannins are possible keys to scheming antiviral therapies for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-proteases. The identified pharmacophore structures of polyphenols could be utilized in the explanation of novel anti-COVID-19 designs.