However, wastewater research should also address social challenges such as the public acceptance of water reuse or the access to basic sanitation that is not available for nearly a third of the world population. In this paper, in-situ fabrication of tungsten oxide (WO3) on carbon nano-tube (CNT) was performed via sol-gel/hydrothermal method to prepare WO3/CNT nanocomposites and then coupled with visible light and ultrasound (US) irradiations for sono-photocatalytic removal of tetracycline (TTC) and pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, UV-VIS DRS, FESEM, EDS, TGA, BET, BJH, EIS, and EDX techniques. The characterization tests, indicated successful incorporation of CTNs into the WO3 framework and efficient reduction of charge carries recombination rate after modifying with CNT. The investigation of experimental parameters verified that 60 mg/L TTC could be perfectly degraded at optimum operational parameters (WO3/CNT 0.7 g/L, pH 9.0, US power 250 W/m2, and light intensity 120 W/m2 over 60 min treatment. Trapping experiments results verified that HO radicals and h+ were the main oxidative species in degradation of TTC. The as-prepared photocatalysts could be reused after six successive cycles with an approximately 8.8 % reduction in removal efficiency. Investigation of the effect of real pharmaceutical wastewater revealed that this system is able to eliminate 83.7 and 90.6 % of TOC and COD, respectively after 220 min of reaction time. Some compounds with lower toxic impact and molecular weight, compared to raw pharmaceutical wastewater, were detected after treatment by sono-photocatalysis process. The biodegradability of real pharmaceutical wastewater was improved significantly after treatment by WO3/CNT sono-photocatalysis. Aluminum substitution is common in iron (hydr)oxides in subsurface environments, and can significantly modify mineral interactions with contaminants. However, few studies investigate Cr(VI) adsorption and its subsequent mobility on Al-substituted iron (hydr)oxide surfaces. Here shows that Al substitution gradually modifies hematite crystals from 101, 112, 110 and 104 faceted rhombohedra to 001 faceted plates, resulting in a general decrease in Cr(VI) adsorption density and favoring of monodentate mononuclear over bidentate binuclear Cr(VI) adsorption complexes. Consequently, the mobility of Cr(VI) might be increased in environments with an abundance of Al-containing iron (hydr)oxides. However, pre-adsorption of Fe2+ on hematite promotes Cr(VI) adsorption, reduction and fixation, and Al-substituted hematite removes more Cr(VI) than pure hematite. Similarly, although addition of Fe2+ to Cr(VI)-adsorbed hematite remobilizes a small proportion of Cr, it greatly increases the proportion of Cr fixed. As the coexistence of Fe2+ and iron (hydr)oxides is common in subsurface environments, Al-containing iron (hydr)oxides will promote Cr(VI) uptake and retention, with a significant proportion fixed as Cr(III), limiting Cr mobility and toxicity. These results offer new insights into how iron (hydr)oxides might control the behaviors of other high-valence redox-sensitive contaminants, and provide a platform for modeling such processes in complex soil and sediment systems. Recycling of biogas residues from corn stover anaerobic digestion is crucial for the development of biogas industry. Full-scale composting process is the feasible way to convert biogas residues to fertilizer. The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of full-scale composting process to dispose biogas residue to fertilizer, and to evaluate the quality of the compost. Bulevirtide in vitro The results showed the biogas residues could rapidly reach the thermophilic stage and last at least 20 days, NH4+-N, TOC and C/N decreased along with the composting process, while TP, TK and NO3–N showed an opposite trend. Germination index(GI) and seedling growth index showed that raw biogas residues was toxic for plant, but the GI and seedling growth index were increased during the composting process, except for the cooling stage sample. Anaerolineaceae and Limnochordaceae were the main bacteria involved in the composting process, and Chaetomium was the most important fungus. The denitrification (DN), partial nitrification (PN) and Anammox processes were coupled in an auto-recycling integration device to remove nitrogen from the supernatant of sludge reduction pretreatment. The nitrogen removal performance of the device and the effect of organic matter concentration on the nitrogen transformation were discussed. The results showed that DN, PN and Anammox are well coupled and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate reached 0.85 kg/(m3·d). The pre-DN process can achieve the removal of NO3–N produced by the back-end PN-Anammox process without the need of reflux pump drive. When the influent NH4+-N concentration was approximately 400 mg/L, the effluent TN concentration was less than 20 mg/L. The fluctuation of organic matter led to changes of nitrogen transformation in the system, and the best ratio of influent CODbio/TN was 0.7-0.9. Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Brocadia played important roles in the nitrogen removal process as the main functional microorganisms of PN and Anammox, respectively. Co-pyrolysis and steam co-gasification of wheat straw (WS) and lignite coal (LC) were studied in a tube furnace between 700 °C and 900 °C. Synergistic effect in co-pyrolysis is not always apparent. However, with the introduction of H2O vapor, synergetic effect is more obvious. Gas volume generated by co-gasification was higher than the prediction in all cases. Meanwhile, temperature played an important role and had a linear relationship with the excess gas volume when it exceeded 800 °C. These findings can be explained by that sufficient H2O vapor could enhance synergy according raising catalytic effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs), promoting free radical generated and increasing reactivity of half-chars. Moreover, co-gasification of WS and LC with several blending ratios were studied at 850 °C. It found H2O vapor could promote free radical formation stronger with higher ratio of WS during co-gasification, thus showing an enhancing effect on the reactivity of WS-derived chars.