32; 95%CI 2.93-23.6). This asthma-specific microbiome composition was associated with≥7/week sweet consumption (OR2.64; 95%C1.11-6.28), reduced biodiversity (OR3.83; 95%CI1.65-8.87), the presence of Staphylococcus strains in the nasopharynx (OR4.25; 95%CI1.12-16.1), and lower expression of beta-defensin 2, IL-5, and IL-13 in the nasal mucosa. The reduced biodiversity was associated with frequent antibiotic use and with a higher nasal expression of IL-17 and T1R3 (sweet taste receptor). In asthmatic children, reduced sweet taste perception was observed.

Specific upper-airway dysbiosis related to frequent sweet consumption, frequent antibiotic courses, and altered nasal immune function increases the risk of asthma in young children with CRS.

Specific upper-airway dysbiosis related to frequent sweet consumption, frequent antibiotic courses, and altered nasal immune function increases the risk of asthma in young children with CRS.

Unless clinical trials are well-designed, there is a risk that they will not be usable to improve patient care.

This paper discusses some factors important in designing clinical trials in paediatric dentistry. It uses the prevention and management of dental caries in children as the lens through which to look at these.

Amongst the factors to consider are clear research questions and objectives; appropriate outcomes and outcome measures; sample size calculation and the level of randomisation; methods for random allocation; and operator/assessor training. Experts in trial design including statisticians and a trialist should be consulted early in the design process. The aspects of trial design unique to cariology trials such as ‘clustering’ of data items, mixed dentition issues and those related to trials involving children (communication, consent etc) should be considered. Comprehensive reporting of trial results is essential.

There are many readily available resources and tools to help the researcher design a trial of good quality that will yield results useful to the research community and beyond, to those who will implement the findings and ultimately those who will benefit from them.

There are many readily available resources and tools to help the researcher design a trial of good quality that will yield results useful to the research community and beyond, to those who will implement the findings and ultimately those who will benefit from them.It has been suggested that curvature progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis occurs through irreversible changes in the intervertebral discs. Strains of mice have been identified who differ in their disc wedging response upon extended asymmetrical compression. Annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue remodeling could contribute to the faster disc wedging progression previously observed in these mice. Differences in collagen remodeling capacity of AF cells between these in-bred mice strains were compared using an in vitro microtissue system. AF cells of 8-10-week-old LG/J (“fast-healing”) and C57BL/6J (“normal healing”) mice were embedded in a microtissue platform and cultured for 48 h. Hereafter, tissues were partially released and cultured for another 96 h. Microtissue surface area and waistcoat contraction, collagen orientation, and collagen content were measured. After 96 h postrelease, microtissues with AF cells of LG/J mice showed more surface area contraction (p  less then  .001) and waistcoat contraction (p = .002) than C57BL/6J microtissues. Collagen orientation did not differ at 24 h after partial release. However, at 96 h, collagen in the microtissues from LG/J AF cells was aligned more than in those from C57BL/6J mice (p  less then  .001). Collagen content did not differ between microtissues at 96 h. AF cells of inbred LG/J mice were better able to remodel and realign their collagen fibers than those from C57BL/6J mice. The remodeling of AF tissue could be contributing to the faster disc wedging progression observed in LG/J mice.

Most centers perform some degree of hematologic screening, including thrombophilia testing, on prospective live liver donors. The nature and extent of such screens are not standardized, and there is limited evidence regarding hematologic risk stratification.

We present an experience of hematologic screening among prospective liver donors. Five-hundred-eightyfour patients were screened for liver donation between 1/2013 and 1/2020, of whom 156 (27%) proceeded to donor hepatectomy. Thirty-three of 428 (8%) declined patients were excluded for hematologic indications. Hematologic indications were the 2nd most frequent medical indications for exclusion (trailing only hepatologic indications). The most common reason for hematologic exclusion was concern regarding thrombophilia. Nevertheless, 21 patients with evidence of possible thrombophilia proceeded to donor hepatectomy, and none incurred hematologic complications. Similarly, seven patients with screening findings concerning for increased bleeding risk (most often thrombocytopenia) underwent donor hepatectomy without hematologic complication. Three of 156 (2%) of patients who underwent donor hepatectomy incurred a hematologic complication (all thrombotic, none fatal). None of these patients had any evident hematologic risk factor on screening.

This study underscores the difficulty of hematologic risk stratification among prospective living donors, however, suggests that some patients with relatively mild risk factors may be safe for donation.

This study underscores the difficulty of hematologic risk stratification among prospective living donors, however, suggests that some patients with relatively mild risk factors may be safe for donation.

To evaluate long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dental implants placed after lateral window sinus augmentation utilizing the sagittal sandwich technique.

Patients treated with sinus augmentation were included in this retrospective case-series study. The surgical procedure was performed with particulate autogenous bone- and anorganic bovine bone-derived mineral (37 ratio). Implants were grouped based on baseline residual alveolar ridge height group S (residual alveolar ridge height of 0.1-3.5mm), group M (height of 3.5-7mm), and group C (native bone). Radiographs were taken at baseline (abutment installation) and annually throughout the 10-year follow-up.

A total of 86 patients (92 sinus lifts) and 209 implants were included. Ten sinus membrane perforations were recorded (11% incidence), and graft infections occurred in 3 cases (3.2% incidence). During the 10-year follow-up, 3 implants (1.4%) failed. Selleckchem B102 No significant differences in the mean implant marginal bone loss (MBL) between the three groups were found after 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up (p>.