To determine the empirical usage of antibiotics and analyze the pathogen spectrum during the perioperative period of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURSL) with a focus on levofloxacin.

This retrospective analysis included 754 patients who underwent FURSL successfully in our hospital from January 2015 to July 2019. All patients were indicated urine cultures and prescribed antibiotics during the perioperative period. Patients with negative preoperative urine cultures were divided into levofloxacin (LVXG) and non-levofloxacin groups (NLVXG) based on the empirical use of antibiotics. Operative time, the length of postoperative hospital stays and total hospital stays, total hospitalization costs, postoperative fever rate and removal rate of stones were compared. Patients with positive urine cultures were analyzed for pathogen distribution and antibiotic resistance.

In the empirical use of antibiotics among 541 cases with negative urine cultures, the prescription rate of levofloxacin was 68.95%. Compared to that in NLVXG, LVXG had a lower cost of antibiotics but higher postoperative fever rate and longer hospital stay. There were no significant differences in operative time, the total hospitalization costs and the removal rate of stones between the two groups. The top two common pathogens were Escherichia coli (36.11%) and Enterococcus faecalis (24.07%), with resistance rates of 74.36% and 71.15% to levofloxacin, respectively.

Levofloxacin might be no longer suitable as the first-line choice of clinical experience when performing FURSL in our center.

Levofloxacin might be no longer suitable as the first-line choice of clinical experience when performing FURSL in our center.

Among the more serious problems in urological interventions among the pediatric age group is the requirement of general anesthesia. The advantages of removing a double-J stent (DJS) without anesthesia in ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) operations among children were investigated in this study.

In all, 25 patients who underwent UNC surgery between November 2016 and November 2018 were retrospectively divided into two groups according to the method used for the removal of the DJS. selleck compound In Group 1, the stent was tied to the urethral catheter by a suture and retrieved postoperatively on the fourth day without anesthesia and cystoscopy. In Group 2, we inserted the stent according to the classical method with no suturing to the catheter and removed it 3 to 4 weeks after the first operation, with cystoscopy under anesthesia.

A total of 16 girls and 9 boys were included in the study. The mean age was 4.3 and 6.3 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. We did not observe statistically significant difference between the groups in long-term renal function or hydronephrosis regression.

We consider that the removal of a stent placed in pediatric intravesical UNC operations without anesthesia and cystoscopy is less invasive and affords safety and long-term results comparable to the standard method.

We consider that the removal of a stent placed in pediatric intravesical UNC operations without anesthesia and cystoscopy is less invasive and affords safety and long-term results comparable to the standard method.

The related research of green-light laser vaporization in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is limited. This study focused on analyzing the effectiveness and safety of it from the perspective of an extensive literature review.

A comprehensive search of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for photoselective vaporization of bladder tumor and transurethral resection of bladder tumor treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The search included studies from January 1996 to December 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias of included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.

A total of 18 RCTs involving 1648 patients met the predefined criteria. Meta-analysis data demonstrated that the PVBT group exhibited a significant advantage over the TURBT group in intraoperative obturator nerve reflex (RR = 0.09, 95% CI [0.04, 0.18], P< 0.001)and bladder perforation (RR = 0.14, 95% C systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that PVBT is better than TURBT as an alternative treatment for patients with NMIBC in safe aspect. However, whether it is equally effective in terms of oncological control remains to be elucidated, and additional high quality RCTs are needed to confirm our findings.Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 500 males. It is a condition characterized by an extra X chromosome and is an underdiagnosed clinical entity. Inactivation of genes enables their escape from regulatory mechanisms, which can result in such classic physical manifestations as hypogonadism, gynecomastia, infertility, and various hormonal and physical abnormalities. While the endocrine manifestations of 47,XXY are well-known, the oncologic manifestations have received less attention. An association between cancer and 47,XXY has not as yet been clearly defined, with variability noted in the prevalence of different malignancies in 47,XXY patients. The mechanisms underlying these altered oncologic risks are still under debate. Some of the proposed explanations include hormone imbalance, developmental malfunctions, and failed DNA repair mechanisms. However, the recognition of the oncological associations linked to 47,XXY could be helpful. Screening measures in certain malignancies may enable an earlier diagnosis of 47,XXY and the implementation of more customized care in 47,XXY and the mosaic variants.. The data for this review was compiled from relevant PubMed articles published within the last three decades and organized based on cancer type.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease caused by the death of the neurons regulating the voluntary muscles which leads to the progressive paralysis. We investigated the difference of transport function of L-citrulline in ALS disease model (NSC-34/hSOD1G93A, MT) and a control model (NSC-34/hSOD1wt, WT). The [14C]L-citrulline uptake was significantly reduced in MT cells as compared with that of control. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for MT cells was 0.67 ± 0.05 mM, whereas it was 1.48 ± 0.21 mM for control. On the other hand, the Vmax values for MT and control were 10.9 ± 0.8 nmol/mg protein/min and 18.3 ± 2.9 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively. The Km and Vmax values showed the high affinity and low capacity for MT as compared with control. Moreover, the uptake of [14C]L-citrulline was significantly inhibited by 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) and harmaline which is the inhibitor of the large neutral amino acid transporter1 (LAT1) in NSC-34 cell lines.